Docker desktop что это

Docker Desktop

Docker Desktop is a one-click-install application for your Mac, Linux, or Windows environment that enables you to build and share containerized applications and microservices.

It provides a straightforward GUI (Graphical User Interface) that lets you manage your containers, applications, and images directly from your machine. Docker Desktop can be used either on it’s own or as a complementary tool to the CLI.

Docker Desktop reduces the time spent on complex setups so you can focus on writing code. It takes care of port mappings, file system concerns, and other default settings, and is regularly updated with bug fixes and security updates.

• Ability to containerize and share any application on any cloud platform, in multiple languages and frameworks.
• Quick installation and setup of a complete Docker development environment.
• Includes the latest version of Kubernetes.
• On Windows, the ability to toggle between Linux and Windows Server environments to build applications.
• Fast and reliable performance with native Windows Hyper-V virtualization.
• Ability to work natively on Linux through WSL 2 on Windows machines.
• Volume mounting for code and data, including file change notifications and easy access to running containers on the localhost network.

Docker Desktop works with your choice of development tools and languages and gives you access to a vast library of certified images and templates in Docker Hub. This enables development teams to extend their environment to rapidly auto-build, continuously integrate, and collaborate using a secure repository.

What is Docker Desktop: Getting Started

What is Docker Desktop & How Does it Work?

It is often imperative to first understand the history behind any tools and tech to understand from where it came and why it was created even in the first place. So to get into history, Docker first saw its light in 2011 in France when Solomon Hykes envisioned building platform-independent mechanisms to deploy all your development binaries in such a way that all the libraries, os level dependencies, and codes can be deployed on any cloud or system giving the developer confidence that their software will function as expected without any rework and hiccups.

The core reason for docker container conceptualization was to make a developer’s life easy. Setting up a working environment configuration to support different software versions on any given machine was a big issue. But with docker, you just need to create an isolated package comprising of all the configurations (called docker container) supporting different versions, and each container here holds a separate isolated environment configuration that doesn’t impact the OS level configs or any other running container active on your machine.

Now that we have some basic idea of why docker was started and created, it’s a high time we define a few components to establish docker as a concept. So the first thing is to define Docker. Know more about devops skills that a devops engineer should master.

What is Docker?

Docker is like that huge Cargo Ship loaded with big boxes (unique containers to be pulled by the tagged owners) that offers developers a Software platform that allows them to build, test, and deploy applications quickly. Docker packages software into standardized units called containers that have everything the software needs to run including libraries, system tools, code, and runtime.

Docker provides the ability to package and run an application in a loosely isolated environment called a container. The isolation and security allow you to run many containers simultaneously on a given host.

To further understand the magic of docker we need to decode the Docker architecture as it lays down clearly how each component of the Docker system interacts with the others.

Docker Architecture

Docker has three major components:

• Client
• Docker Host
• Registry

Let’s dig deeper into each one of these, one by one. First and foremost we need to understand the docker daemon.

If you want to know more about docker and get a practical sense of it, you can explore our dedicated docker online course.

What Is Docker Deamon?

It is a kind of persistent thread that runs in the background in order to manage the Docker containers on a single host.

Docker daemon also known as dockerd, runs on the host operating system acting like a runtime that takes care of docker objects like

• Docker images
• Docker containers
• Networks and
• Storage

Now that you know the basics of docker daemons let’s understand the first key component of Docker architecture

Docker Client

As it is seen, in Fig 1, the docker client is like your local machine where all the necessary client operations are performed by the users. This client gives developers a primary interface (CLI) to interact with the Docker server (daemons) using the pre-defined set of commands

Its main objective is to provide a medium to direct the pull of images from a registry and to have it run on a Docker host. Common commands issued by a docker client are:

Docker client uses these commands and REST APIs to interact with Docker daemon which also is a Server. Do you know that the Docker client can communicate with more than one daemon?

Docker Host

It is a complete hosting environment that holds docker daemon, containers, images, networks, and storage that is required by developers to execute and run any given applications

Docker Registry

The primary role of the docker registry is to store docker images. These image repositories can be either public or private. The popular public registry is the Docker hub.

So whenever you as a developer are looking to pull one of the docker images using the docker pull command, the required images are pulled from your publicly configured registry (like docker hub). Similarly, when you use the docker push command, your image is pushed to your configured registry.

Before we wrap up the docker fundamentals we also need to touch upon the docker objects.

Docker Objects

You can’t fully understand Docker without understanding the underlying docker objects. Some of the key objects are

• Docker Images
• Docker Containers

Docker Images

Being a developer you would have for sure came across a situation where the development you have done locally on your PC/Laptop requires you to configure your editor, OS dependencies, libraries, environment variables, etc to package and run your code binary. But if your system breaks down due to some reason and you are asked to move to a new PC/Laptop, that old code binary struggles to run as expected on it.

But in the current time, this is not the case thanks to Docker and a docker objects called Image.

Docker image

It is nothing but a read-only template that has all the instructions required to create a docker container(another object which we will cover next). These images use as a private container registry to share container images either publicly or privately. Every packed image in the container is meta-tagged to explain the container’s ability.

These images are at the core of the Docker ecosystem, as they foster team collaboration and speedy development and deployment. The kind of experience it brings is simply commendable and that’s why Docker images and their underlying utility are so popular in the developer and tech fraternity.

Dockerfile

Being a developer, you may simply use docker images created by someone and shared publicly or maybe want to create a custom image to be used within the organization. While creating a custom image you rely on the concept of Dockerfile which defines a simple syntax comprising the steps needed to create the image and deploy it on Docker hub/ AWS ECR repo.

Dockerfile has all the instructions which are created as a separate layer in the docker image, so whenever you update the docker images only those layers which have changed are rebuilt. This is the reason which makes docker images so lightweight, tiny, and quick as compared to the older concept of virtualization

Docker Containers

Now that we know the basics of docker images it’s time to decode another key docker object called Containers.

Containers are nothing but the runnable instance of a docker image.

Runnable is an interface that is to be implemented by a class whose instances are intended to be executed by a thread.

These containers can be

• Created
• Started
• Stopped
• Moved
• Deleted

All by the use of Docker CLI/API.

Containers are isolated pieces that can be plugged into one or more networks and also allow storage to be associated with it. Each container that are hosted in Docker Host is unique and is defined by the images it holds as well as by the configs.

When a container is deleted, all the changes to its state that are not stored in persistent storage vanishes.

With this, we have covered all the fundamentals one should before knowing Docker Desktop. So let’s start defining. But before that, get to know more about how to become a devops engineer.

What Is Docker Desktop?

As we have understood so far that docker objects like images and containers are key building blocks, it is also imperative to know that these objects are generally dockerized, and here the role of Docker Desktop comes into the picture.

Docker desktop is the fastest way to containerize/dockerize applications. It is a native application designed by Docker for both Windows and MAC users.

Why Docker Desktop?

Docker desktop that is built on top of the Docker engine is a perfect tool for developers that are looking to leverage the Docker ecosystem and get started quickly to dockerize and deploy their apps. It is a powerful tool that packages Docker’s CLI, Docker Compose, Kubernetes, and other tools to Fastrack application development.

It is easy to install and OS independent and comes up with these key features that make it stand out amongst others

Top Features that Makes Docker Desktop Special

• Simple and easy-to-install providing an environment to build, ship, and run your containers
• Storage volumes are easily mapped and managed
• Supports both Local and remote management of Docker images
• Facilitates collaborations amongst developers where they can share repeatable and reproducible development from their local machine to the docker container
• Easy to get started with Kubernetes on your local machine with Docker Desktop.
• Provides a simple dashboard to help developers get an overview of running containers, images, and volumes
• Tailor-made to support multi-architecture images

Now that we have got enough reason to use the Docker desktop it’s time to get decode how one can install it and get started.

Getting Started With Docker Desktop for Windows & Mac

Before we kickstart this phase its important to understand a few things

What are a few things to know?

• Docker desktop supports both Windows and MAC systems.
• One should use a community open source edition to get started with Docker desktop
• Also, there is a commercial edition that is suitable for enterprises and a large team
• Commercial use of Docker Desktop in larger enterprises (more than 250 employees OR more than $10 million USD in annual revenue) now requires a paid subscription.

Installing Docker Desktop On Mac

Docker desktop comes with two versions for mac

• One for MAC with Intel Chip
• One For MAC with its own indigenous Apple chip

Pre-requisites Of MAC — Intel Chips :

• macOS must be version 10.15 or newer. That is, Catalina, Big Sur, or Monterey.
• Run the command kern.hv_support to verify if MAC hardware supports the Hypervisor framework
• If you experience any issues after upgrading your macOS to version 10.15, you must install the latest version of Docker Desktop to be compatible with this version of macOS.
• At least 4 GB of RAM.
• VirtualBox prior to version 4.3.30 must not be installed as it is not compatible with Docker Desktop

Installing Docker Desktop On MAC — Intel Chip:

The best way is to visit

Estimated reading time: 7 minutes Update to the Docker Desktop terms Commercial use of Docker Desktop in larger…docs.docker.com

And download the latest Docker installation file from there, you will get the options as depicted below.

Click for the intel version and wait till the docker .dmg file is downloaded. Once done just click the file and the rest will be an easy cakewalk as the wizard will be there to guide you. You must read and agree on the SLA which will be popping on your MAC to proceed.

Similarly, you can install docker desktop on your MAC with an Apple silicon chip

Pre-requisites Of MAC — Intel Chips :

• It is recommended that you download the latest Docker Desktop version. With version 4.3.0, the hard requirement to install Rosetta 2 is no more required but still, to get the best-uninterrupted experience, it is wise that you install Rosetta 2.
• One can install Rosetta 2 manually from the CLI, using the following command:

Installing Docker Desktop On MAC — Apple Silicon Chip:

The process through guided wizard remains the same. Download the .dmg file for the Apple silicon version and the rest you can easily set up using Wizard after you have given your consent against the SLA.

Installing on MAC using CLI: (for both chip types it works )

Once you have downloaded the preferred .dmg file considering your MAC machine chip type (Intel/Apple silicon) you can easily install the docker desktop via CLI commands as shown below.

You need to type these commands on your mac terminal

What is hdiutil?

hdiutil is a command-line utility in macOS to Manipulate disk images (attach, verify, burn, etc).

Here install command accepts the following arguments —

• —accept-license: accepts the Docker Subscription Service Agreement(SLA) now, rather than requiring it to be accepted when the application is first run
• —allowed-org=<org name>: requires the user to sign in and be part of the specified Docker Hub organization when running the application

If you are done installing, you may be able to open it by visiting your launchpad and clicking on the docker icon

Once you click, you can see the docker fav menu icon on the extreme top right of your MAC as seen in the image below, in my case you can see a first small icon that starts to animate and you will see the docker desktop dashboard as shown below.

It will show you the current docker images, volumes attached, and the environment info. This means you are now successfully running Docker Desktop. You can click the docker fav menu icon to see Preferences and other options.

Installing Docker Desktop On Windows

Visit this official docker link —

Update to the Docker Desktop terms Commercial use of Docker Desktop in larger enterprises (more than 250 employees OR…docs.docker.com

And select the option as shown below-

You should take care of the following before installing docker desktop on your windows machine:

• Windows 11 64-bit: Home or Pro version 21H2 or higher, or Enterprise or Education version 21H2 or higher.
• Windows 10 64-bit: Home or Pro 21H1 (build 19043) or higher, or Enterprise or Education 20H2 (build 19042) or higher.
• Enable the WSL 2 feature on Windows. For detailed instructions, refer to the Microsoft documentation.

Windows Subsystem for Linux is a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables natively on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2019. In May 2019, WSL 2 was announced, introducing important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of Hyper-V features

• The following hardware prerequisites are required to successfully run WSL 2 on Windows 10 or Windows 11:
• 64-bit processor with Second Level Address Translation (SLAT)
• 4GB system RAM
• Hyper-V and Containers Windows features must be enabled.(only if you want Hyper-V option instead of WSL 2)
• BIOS-level hardware virtualization support must be enabled in the BIOS settings. For more information, see Virtualization.
• Download and install the Linux kernel update package.

Installing Docker Desktop On Windows Using Wizard:

1. Double-click Docker Desktop Installer.exe that you downloaded as per the instructions we have covered above in order to run the installer.
2. When asked, ensure WSL 2 instead of Hyper-V option on the Configuration page is selected. It depends on your choice of backend.
3. Note in case your PC only supports one of the two options, you will not be able to select which backend to use
4. Follow the given instructions on the installation wizard to authorize the installer and complete the installation
5. When the installation is done, click Close to complete the installation process.

If your admin account is different from your user account, you must add the user to the docker-users group.

• Run Computer Management as an administrator and navigate to Local Users and Groups > Groups > docker-users. Right-click to add the user to the group. Log out and log back in for the changes to take effect.

Installing from the CLI:

Please ensure Docker Desktop Installer.exe is available locally on your machine. If yes, then type the following command in a terminal. Make sure you are in the root folder where the installer file exists.

«Docker Desktop Installer.exe» install

In case you use PowerShell you should type

Start-Process ‘.\win\build\Docker Desktop Installer.exe’ -Wait install

The install command accepts the following arguments :

• —quiet: suppresses information output when running the installer
• —accept-license: accepts the Docker Subscription Service Agreement now, rather than requiring it to be accepted when the application is first run
• —allowed-org=<org name>: requires the user to sign in and be part of the specified Docker Hub organization when running the application
• —backend=<backend name>: selects the backend to use for Docker Desktop, hyper-v or wsl-2 (default)

In case your admin account is different from your user account, you must add the user to the docker-users group:

net localgroup docker-users <user> /add

Now that the installation process has been completed, its time to validate the same

Start the Docker On Your Machine :

Start Docker Desktop

To start Docker Desktop

1. Search for Docker, and select the Docker Desktop menu option in the search results.
2. Accepts the SLA terms & conditions

If you do not agree to the updated terms, the Docker Desktop application will close and you can no longer run Docker Desktop on your machine. You can choose to accept the terms at a later date by opening Docker Desktop.

3. When the initialization is complete, you can see Quick Start Guide UI as seen in the image below

You can skip it for the time being and move forward. You will be able to view the docker dahsboard. This shows you have successfully installed the docker desktop!.

If you want to install docker desktop on the Linux system, you can easily do so by following the instructions given in the below-given link.

Here is the installation link —

Welcome to Docker Desktop for Linux. This page contains information about system requirements, download URLs, and…docs.docker.com

Docker Desktop release notes:

When you are installing Docker desktop fresh or want to update, do keep a close eye on these release notes that are frequently updated and shared on Docker’s official web portal. Here is the link-

Estimated reading time: 31 minutes This page contains information about the new features, improvements, known issues…docs.docker.com

This comprises the new features, improvements, known issues, and bug fixes in Docker Desktop releases.

Quick Workshop To Get You Started

Now that we are done with the installation it’s time to play with the docker desktop. We will learn in this demo a few of the docker commands like

• docker run
• docker push
• docker pull
• docker build

We will see the pushed docker image in our docker hub public repo. So before we start please sign in to your docker desktop, you need to have an account with docker hub, if not please visit here-

Firstly, signup. Once you have created the account go to the docker desktop icon and sign-up with the same. Once you signup you will see the below-given screen

Open your terminal and type this command-

When you type there may be a high probability that the image with this name would not be present locally, but don’t worry docker understands this as a default thing so it will look for the docker image with this name in their docker hub public repo and will take a pull to download the same as shown in the image below.

You can clearly see that the docker run command looked for the image and as it didn’t find the same, took the pull from the hub.

So now when you again run the docker run command you will see that it responded with the message —

“Hello from the Docker!”

2. Listing all docker images :

When you key in this command you can see the list of the Docker images that exist in your local system, which can also be seen in your docker desktop dashboard, here is how it looks in my docker dashboard.

3. Docker ps command:

The ‘docker ps’ is a Docker command to list the running containers by default

When typed this command this, you can see in the output none of container images are in a running state

But if you want to list all the containers, including stopped once? We can do that by adding —all option.

I have created on the image, docker/getting-started, let’s see if it is running state or not

If we type docker ps again let’s see what happens

Now you can see that our latest pulled image docker/getting-started is in a running state.

4. Docker stop command:

To stop a container, use the docker stop command with either the container id or container name. We may stop a container if we want to change our docker run command.

Here we will stop our docker/getting-started container whose id is “6fa658d60902”

Now when we run the ps command after running docker stop, we can see that now our docker/getting-started has stopped.

5. Docker restart Command:

As can be seen from the above image, after we ran the docker restart command using the command-

and again typed docker ps command we get our docker/getting-started container up and running again stopped.

6. Docker Push Command:

If you want to push your Docker image to any public repository like the docker hub, you can use the docker push command.

Let’s create a public repo in the docker hub. So go to docker and sign-in

Once you give a repo name and click a create button, you will see the following output UI

Our repo with name pramdemo/demorepo is created, also, the command which will be required to push to this new repo is given on the right side-

“docker push pramdemo/demorepo:tagname”

Let’s see how we can push our locally existing docker images to this docker hub repo now.

it will flag an error because no such image exists with the tag pramdemo/demorepo

Let’s tag our local image docker/getting-started and try to push the same to the docker hub repo

Now that we have the tagged image ready let’s try to push the same

woohoo! the image got pushed, let. check the same in our docker hub repo

You can see in the docker hub tag section the image got pushed.

This way you can code all your app create a docker image using dockerfile, and push the same to the docker hub publicly or privately. Once this is done your image will be ready to be pulled by any CI/CD pipeline or by any of your team members.

6. Docker Pull Command:

Now that your image is pushed in your docker hub repo you can anytime take a pull of the same in your local machine and get started. let’s see how it works.

If you carefully see the pushed image you will also get a pull command that one can use to take a pull. In this case the command is

We can see from the CLI output our latest image got pulled successfully.

7. Docker remove Command:

If you wanna get rid of unwanted images from your repo you can do so by command

docker rmi it removes images by their ID.

To remove the image, you first need to list all the images to get the Image IDs, Image names, and other details.

Let’s get the image id of docker/getting-started

We can see that docker/getting-started has the image id 157095baba98

We got an error as one of the containers is running which is using this image, so we need to first stop the container or we can also enforce the deletion by using -f flag, let’s do the same and see the outcome

We can see that our image docker/getting-started that had the image id 157095baba98 got deleted. When we typed the command

we can see that the all the images with the ID 157095baba98 got removed

Takeaways

We have comprehensively covered the docker and docker desktop journey and can see how magical this tool is. We learned the fundamentals of

• Docker
• Docker objects
• Docker architecture
• What & Why of Docker Desktop tool
• Installation of Docker on Windows and MAC systems

Then we ran through a quick demo workshop to see a few of the popular docker commands in action.

So what we learned from this, well here are a few key learnings as a takeaway

• Docker is a go-to tool for any big enterprises or small startups to ensure they are building, running, testing, and shipping their binaries fast
• If you are looking for a smart collaboration tool for development docker has to be a part of your arsenal to scale those efforts, especially when you are looking to implement micro-services as a part of your DevOps culture

To learn more about DevOps you can check one of the best courses for DevOps

• Docker supports docker-compose & Kubernetes which helps you to orchestrate your containerized apps and deploy them to the K8S cluster at scale.

Want to learn more about Docker and Kubernetes, you can subscribe to this exclusive course called docker and kubernetes online training.

Docker для фронтендера. Часть 2. Что ты такое?

Продолжаю делать расшифровку своего доклада Docker для фронтендера с конференции FrontendConf 2019.

В предыдущей части я постарался ответить на вопрос, зачем фронтенд-разработчику может понадобиться Docker. Сегодня попытаюсь простым языком рассказать, что это за инструмент, как он работает, и сравнить его с другими известными во фронтенде понятиями.

Содержание

Что ты такое?

Кто не знает, что такое Docker, представляют его себе по-разному.

Кто-то думает, что это средство для установки контейнера на машину.

Под анонсом в ВК предыдущей части этой статьи появилась пара шуточных комментариев.

И только сисадмины, похоже, что-то знают.

Ребята из Docker, Inc представляют нам этот инструмент через маркетинговый слоган:

Она немного лукавят. Собирать, делиться и запускать действительно можно. Но с «безопасно» и с «где угодно» дела обстоят не совсем так.

Про проблемы с безопасностью можно узнать, например, в этой статье, а про «где угодно» я расскажу чуть дальше.

Виртуализация

Возможность виртуализации появилась достаточно давно.

Когда я занимался разработкой в 2012 году, моя команда делала проекты на Ruby on Rails. У меня возникала необходимость запускать у себя на ноутбуке такие вещи, как Ruby, MySQL, PostgreSQL. Это всё довольно плохо работало под Windows, поэтому приходилось использовать виртуализацию.

Тогда существовали такие решения, как VirtualBox, VMware Workstation, Vagrant. Всё рабочее окружение выносилось на виртуалку, а в хост-системе оставались только IDE, Git, браузер.

Вот эта схема, взятая из документации Docker, как раз показывает, как работают виртуальные машины (VM).

У нас есть Infrastructure (наш компьютер) и Hypervisor (VMWare, VirtualBox или ещё что-то). И на всём этом мы запускаем виртуальную машину, которая включает гостевую операционную систему (Guest OS), нужные библиотеки (Bins/Libs) и наше приложение (App).

Естественно, что сами виртуальные машины получались очень большие и неповоротливые. Накладные расходы на обслуживание виртуалки были высоки. Мой ноутбук с трудом всё это вывозил.

Docker, Inc предложили нам не тянуть в виртуальный контейнер гостевую операционную систему, а пользоваться хост-системой и получать изоляцию процессов при помощи механизма контрольных групп (cgroups) в Linux.

Это значительно уменьшило размеры образов. Например, образ alpine:3.11.0 (дистрибутив Linux, ориентированный на безопасность, легковесность и нетребовательность к ресурсам) весит всего 2.5 MB, а docker-образ с node:alpine — всего 27 MB.

Т.е. наш сайт/приложение вполне можно запаковать в 30 MB образ, который достаточно будет запустить в Docker, и он будет работать где угодно? Да, но есть нюансы.

Установка Docker

Docker распространяется в двух изданиях: Community Edition (CE) и Enterprise Edition (EE). Нам нужен Docker CE, т.к. он бесплатный и решает все нужные нам задачи.

А ещё Docker бывает Desktop и Server.

Server

Server-версии предназначены для установки на Linux и поддерживают 4 дистрибутива и только некоторые архитектуры. Поэтому заявление, что вы можете запустить docker-контейнер «где угодно» не совсем корректно.

Desktop

Desktop-версии предназначены для установки на компьютеры разработчикам. И это то, что нам будет помогать во время разработки наших классных приложений. В частности, я использую Docker Desktop for Mac.

Установка на компьютер выглядит максимально привычно для пользователя Mac.

Ну или, если вы любите Homebrew.

После этого приложение становится доступно в верхней строке состояния (top status bar) и из консоли.

Нюанс заключается в том, что контрольные группы (cgroups) Linux отсутствуют на Mac и Windows (сюрприз, сюрприз), поэтому Docker Desktop использует Mac OS Hypervisor framework и Microsoft Hyper-V, соответственно.

То есть для поддержки виртуализации придётся отдать ещё примерно 4 GB оперативной памяти. Зато потом работающие контейнеры уже будут заниматься гораздо меньше места, чем если бы они были запущены на отдельных виртуальных машинах.

Вывод команды docker stats :

Видим, что БД заняла 19 МБ, а API на Java — 352 МБ.

Что входит в Docker Desktop

Docker разрабатывается в виде модульной архитектуры, поэтому устанавливая Docker Desktop, вы получаете сразу несколько программ.

Docker Engine

Docker Engine включает в себя инструменты для построения контейнеров, реестр контейнеров, инструменты оркестрации, среду выполнения и многое другое. Это проект с открытым исходным кодом, написанный на Go. Он запускается как daemon, который предоставляет RESTful API для выполнения команд.

Такое решение позволяет управлять контейнерами почти откуда угодно, например, из браузера, Node.js или даже из Minecraft.

Docker CLI client

Консольный клиент для Docker Engine API.

Тоже проект с открытым исходным кодом, написанный на Go.

Docker Compose

Инструмент для описания и запуска мультиконтейнерных приложений. Чрезвычайно полезная вещь в разработке.

Позволяет почувствовать себя SRE. Написан, естественно, на Python.

Docker Machine

Инструмент для управления удалёнными хостами, на которых установлен Docker. Нами в разработке не используется, но идёт в комплекте с остальным.

Kitematic

Графический интерфейс для Docker Engine API с открытым исходным кодом, написанный на JavaScript (Electron).

Идеально для тех, кто не любит консоль и даже для GIT использует графический интерфейс.

Инструмент довольно сырой, но рабочий (v0.17.9, > 800 открытых issues).

Docker — это не только для админов

Теперь немножко вольных аналогий для фронтенд-разработчиков, чтобы показать, что этот инструмент имеет много общего с привычными для нас, фронтендеров, вещами, такими как Node.js и NPM.

Image

Docker-образ. Можем его куда-нибудь опубликовать, например, в DockerHub. А ещё мы можем опубликовать NPM-пакет .

Dockerfile

Рецепт для сбора образа. У нас нет рецептов, но есть манифест пакета/приложения — package.json .

docker build

Собираем docker-образ. Ну а мы во фронтенде собираем своё приложение — npm run build .

DockerHub

Не путать с другим популярным хабом. Это реестр docker-образов. У нас есть свой реестр — NPM Registry .

docker run

Консольная команда, которая запускает контейнер. Ближайший аналог из мира фронтенда — команда npm start .

Проект начат как проприетарная разработка

Проект Docker начат в 2008 году как внутренняя собственническая разработка компании dotCloud и лишь в марте 2013 был опубликован в open source.

У нас есть Node.js, который хоть и был изначально open source, но до февраля 2015 года и скандальной истории с io.js находился под управлением компании Joyent.

Используется для всего подряд

Все мы знаем, что NPM — это Node Package Manager. Раньше так и было, но сейчас там лежат пакеты не только для Node.js, но и для браузера.

А ещё там могут лежать не пакеты. При желании туда можно положить набор шрифтов или даже фильм.

Тоже самое с DockerHub. Туда можно опубликовать что угодно. Никакой премодерации нет.

Есть альтернативы, призванные заменить

Все мы знаем, что есть альтернативные менеджеры пакетов, который вы можете использовать, если вам не нравится NPM. Это Yarn, pnpm, jspm.

Docker тоже можно заменить на альтернативы. Например, Podmad или Buildah.

Немного рецептов

Надеюсь, я смог в общих чертах рассказать про этот инструмент.

В следующей части планирую показать рецепты и конкретные кейсы использования Docker для фронтендера.

Docker Desktop

Install Docker Desktop – the fastest way to containerize applications.

Docker Extensions

Transform and optimize workflows by connecting to an array of pre-built developer tools from our Docker Extensions Marketplace for things like debugging, testing, networking, and security. Explore near endless workflow possibilities by creating your own custom tools and share them with your team or the whole world.

Volume Management, Dev Environments and more

Takes the guesswork out of volume management. Pro, Team, and Business subscribers can quickly and easily explore their volumes, identify what’s taking up space and remove unneeded files and directories right from the Dashboard. Docker Desktop simplifies setting up common and consistent local developer environments across an organization.

Secure from the start

Docker Desktop helps you quickly and safely evaluate software so you can start secure and push with confidence. Docker Desktop now includes the ability to generate a Software Bill of Material (SBOM) pre-build, as well as vulnerability scanning powered by Snyk, which scans your containers and provides actionable insights and recommendations for remediation in your images. Learn more about end-to-end vulnerability scanning and how to shift security left in your app delivery pipeline.

Simplify Code to Cloud

Simplify code to cloud application development by closely integrating with Azure Container Instances (ACI). You get the same workflow in Docker Desktop and the Docker CLI with all the container compute you want. No infrastructure to manage. No clusters to provision.

Image Access Management

Stay more secure by managing which container images on Docker Hub developers can access, and gain more control by configuring organizations to only allow access to Docker Official Images and Docker Verified Publishers. Available with Docker Business.

Build Kubernetes-ready applications on your desktop

Docker Desktop is an application for MacOS, Linux, and Windows machines for the building and sharing of containerized applications and microservices.

Docker Desktop delivers the speed, choice and security you need for designing and delivering these containerized applications on your desktop. Docker Desktop includes Developer tools, Kubernetes and version synchronization to production Docker Engines. Docker Desktop allows you to leverage certified images and templates and your choice of languages and tools. Development workflows leverage Docker Hub to extend your development environment to a secure repository for rapid auto-building, continuous integration and secure collaboration.